class: title, center, middle # Indian Classical Music  ### Christopher Witulski, Ph.D. ### College of Musical Arts --- class: center, middle ### Tell me, what do we known about India? It's music? It's history? Politics? It's culture? Religion? --- # In Context .image-float-right[] * Linguistic diversity * 200 Languages * 1600 Dialects * Hindi, English * Religious diversity * Majority Hindu (80%) * Based upon ancient texts, chants * Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism * Islam (importance of Sufism) * Sufi music: Qawwali --- # Musical Diversity * Sufi music: Qawwali * From the Punjab region, Islamic devotional texts * Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani singer who found global fame .center[ <!-- <video width="560" height="360" controls> <source src="/assets/qawwali-example.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="/assets/qawwali-example.ogv" type="video/mp4"> </video> --> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ojIHZqvJpV0?si=3Vf0vXtB-yFYqlOQ" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ] --- # Hindustani Music * Ravi Shankar is the best known proponent * Part of Maihar gharana, founded by his guru Allaudin Khan (Baba), can trace musical lineage back to 16th c. Tansen * *Gharana* * Lineage of musicians who share a common tradition of raga study and performance across multiple generations * Other famous members * Ali Akbar Khan (sarod) * Anoushka Shankar (sitar) --- # Percussion Instruments .image-float-right.image-40[] * Tabla * Bayan: larger metal drum * Dahina: smaller wooden drum * Black spots allow for different tones * Sandip Burman * Uses tuned dahinas to perform ragas… --- class: middle, center <!-- <video width="560" height="420" controls> <source src="/assets/ravi-shankar-alla-rakha-tabla-solo-jhaptal.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="/assets/ravi-shankar-alla-rakha-tabla-solo-jhaptal.ogv" type="video/mp4"> </video> --> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Joyk_EMtzn0?si=pk7iGFofqjOZPQio&start=61" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Alla Rakha and Ravi Shankar demonstrating the tabla --- # String Instruments .image-float-right.image-40[] * Sitar * Melody instrument (see others) * Long necked plucked chordophone * 6-7 melody/drone strings * 13 sympathetic strings * Tambura * 4-5 strings * Drone instrument * Emphasizes vadi (tonic) --- class: middle, center <!-- <video width="560" height="420" controls> <source src="/assets/anoushka-shankar-your-eyes.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="/assets/anoushka-shankar-your-eyes.ogv" type="video/mp4"> </video> --> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wLAXfkK-DPg?si=Fv1KRghFjCuTTcQN" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Anoushka Shankar: "Laysa" --- class: middle, center <!-- <video width="560" height="420" controls> <source src="/assets/dhruba-ghosh-sarangi-demonstration.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="/assets/dhruba-ghosh-sarangi-demonstration.ogv" type="video/mp4"> </video> --> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Nh9dUYUgf8Y?si=rrDOEz145srohTLb" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Kamal Sabri: Sarangi, Rag Shree --- class: middle, center <!-- <video width="560" height="420" controls> <source src="/assets/ustad-ali-akbar-khan.mp4" type="video/mp4"> <source src="/assets/ustad-ali-akbar-khan.ogv" type="video/mp4"> </video> --> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5QHD5EG2Lw0?si=yGrIQnSn6ESlyogN" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> ### Ali Akbar Khan: Sarod (1967) --- class: middle, center ### Thoughts on this music? Is it familiar? Does it evoke anything? --- class: title, center, middle # Indian Classical Music  ### Christopher Witulski, Ph.D. ### College of Musical Arts